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Broken Promises: Betrayal and Support for Violence in Intergroup Relations.

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Summary

When minority groups feel excluded from a shared identity, it can fuel support for political violence. This betrayal mechanism links threats to a superordinate identity (SOI) with increased hardline attitudes, especially when the SOI is strong.

Keywords:
betrayalintergroup conflictminority expectationspolitical violencesuperordinate identity

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Political Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Minority groups may experience challenges when excluded from a shared superordinate identity (SOI).
  • Exclusion from an SOI can lead to negative political attitudes and behaviors.
  • Betrayal is a potential psychological mechanism linking SOI threats to political extremism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between threats to a superordinate identity (SOI) and hardline political attitudes.
  • To investigate the mediating role of betrayal in this relationship.
  • To explore this phenomenon across different minority groups and contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of Ethiopian Jews in Israel (N=276).
  • Two-wave study of Arab-Muslims in Israel (N=165).
  • Two-wave study of Israeli Jewish women (N=584) during the Gaza war.

Main Results:

  • Priming an SOI threat predicted support for violent resistance via betrayal in Ethiopian Jews.
  • SOI-threatening events predicted betrayal and increased support for violence among Arab-Muslims.
  • Stronger baseline SOI predicted greater betrayal and hawkish policy support when SOI was threatened among Israeli Jewish women.

Conclusions:

  • Threats to a superordinate identity (SOI) can increase support for political violence through feelings of betrayal.
  • The strength of one's baseline SOI moderates the impact of SOI threats on political attitudes.
  • Findings highlight the psychological underpinnings of hardline political attitudes in minority and majority groups facing identity threats.