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PM2.5 Composition Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease: A Multicohort Study Integrating Disease Incidence and
Jiajun Luo1, Yuqing Yang2, Zhihao Jin3
1Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
None:
The chemical composition of PM2.5 differentially influences cardiovascular risk, but evidence integrating clinical and subclinical end points is limited. Here, we evaluated the long-term exposure to seven PM2.5 components in 255,394 All of Us participants (2017-2022) for incident myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, and in 648 COMPASS participants (2015-2019) for troponin, TNF-α, and MCP-1. Our findings revealed that organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO4 2-), and sea-salt (SS) showed consistent associations. For instance, per interquartile-range OM: hazard ratios of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.07-1.67) for MI and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.08-1.81) for stroke; odds ratio of 1.40 (95% CI, 1.01-1.94) for troponin elevation and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.03-1.90) for TNF-α elevation; linear coefficient of 0.40 (95% CI, 0.18-0.61) for MCP-1. In mixture analysis, OM, SO4 2-, and SS each contributed ≥ 19% of the overall association for all outcomes. We found that long-term exposure to specific PM2.5 components, particularly OM, SO4 2-, and SS, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and subclinical dysfunction, underscoring the need for component-based air quality regulation.
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