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Clinical Interventions and Outcomes in Neonates With Early-Onset Respiratory Distress: A Prospective Observational
Kasiarasi Balasubramanian1, Krishnamurthy C2, Deepak Kumar T3
1Pediatrics, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, IND.
Cureus
|March 26, 2026
Summary
Neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) management improved with early recognition and structured care, including antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) and CPAP. Integrated antenatal and neonatal care is vital for reducing mortality in newborns.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Pediatric Critical Care
- Public Health
Background:
- Neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) is a leading cause of newborn morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in developing nations.
- Understanding NRD's causes, treatments, and outcomes is key for evidence-based care in resource-limited settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of neonates with early-onset respiratory distress.
- To determine the impact of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) exposure on NRD severity.
Main Methods:
- Prospective observational study of 1000 neonates admitted to SNCU in India.
- Data collected via structured proforma; severity assessed using Silverman-Anderson and Downe's scores.
- Statistical analysis included chi-square and ANOVA tests (p < 0.05 significant).
Main Results:
- Common causes: transient tachypnea of the newborn (56%), respiratory distress syndrome (39%), meconium aspiration syndrome (5%).
- CPAP used in 36%, oxygen hood in 58%. Severe distress seen in preterm/low-birth-weight infants.
- Mortality was 1.9%, limited to extremely preterm infants; ACS showed trend toward reduced severity.
Conclusions:
- Structured management, including CPAP and ACS, improves short-term NRD outcomes.
- Integrating antenatal and neonatal care is crucial for reducing mortality in similar settings.
Keywords:
antenatal corticosteroidscontinuous positive airway pressureneonatal respiratory distressrespiratory distress syndrometransient tachypnea of the newbornMore Related Videos
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