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Related Concept Videos

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade
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Haploidentical Allogeneic Cell Transplantation in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Julia Frimmel1, Anke Morgner2, Claudia Brogsitter3

  • 1Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Immunotherapies, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

Cancer Management and Research
|March 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) showed initial disease control in heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). Long-term disease control was achieved in some patients after subsequent therapies, with manageable graft-versus-host disease (GvHD).

Keywords:
PTCycyclophosphamidehaploidentical transplantationmultiple myeloma

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Transplantation Immunology

Background:

  • Emerging therapies have improved multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, but long-term control in relapsed/refractory (r/r) MM remains challenging.
  • The role of natural killer cell alloreactivity in haploidentical allogeneic HCT with PTCy for GvHD prophylaxis is established for other hematologic neoplasms but controversial in MM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of haploidentical allogeneic HCT with PTCy in a small cohort of heavily pretreated patients with r/r MM.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of seven consecutive patients with r/r MM undergoing haploidentical allogeneic HCT with PTCy.
  • Patients received proteasome inhibitors, anti-CD38 antibody, immunomodulatory drugs, and at least one autologous HCT prior to HCT.
  • Conditioning regimens included chemotherapy and radioimmunotherapy; GvHD prophylaxis involved PTCy with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil.

Main Results:

  • All patients achieved stable engraftment with complete donor chimerism.
  • Initial responses included 4 complete remissions (CR) and 3 very good partial remissions (VGPR).
  • Among survivors, median time to relapse was 26.5 months; 4 of 5 maintained CR at last follow-up. Acute GvHD grades III-IV occurred in 2 patients, and chronic GvHD in 4, with no GvHD-related deaths.

Conclusions:

  • Haploidentical allogeneic HCT with individualized conditioning regimens can achieve disease control in heavily pretreated r/r MM patients.
  • The approach demonstrated manageable GvHD, suggesting potential for this strategy in select MM populations.