Perioperative fluid management in kidney transplantation: What's new and future directives?

Kidney transplantation is a moderate to high-risk surgery, and postoperative outcome is closely related to good intraoperative fluid management. Suboptimal fluid management is adversely associated with poor graft and recipient outcomes. Hence, meticulous intraoperative fluid management is essential and requires in-depth knowledge of newly added fluids and hemodynamic tools for fluid monitoring. Over the years, fluid management during kidney transplant has significantly changed with the inclusion of newer fluids and dynamic indices of volume responsiveness. In this review, we will discuss the different types of fluids and hemodynamic tools available for perioperative fluid management in kidney transplantation and their pros and cons on postoperative outcomes.