Cardiotoxicity associated with anticancer therapies for gynecological tumors

The continuous advancement in the management of gynecological cancers has contributed to improved patient survival. Nevertheless, cardiovascular toxicity resulting from anti-tumor treatments has emerged as a significant threat to long-term quality of life and non-cancer-related mortality. This review systematically elaborates on the cardiovascular risk of the conventional treatment of gynecological tumor viz chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, endocrine therapy and radiotherapy. The molecular mechanisms of each therapy will also be discussed, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial injury and immune-mediated inflammation. Additionally, we outline the major risk factors associated with anticancer therapy related cardiovascular toxicity and give an insight into monitoring, diagnosis and management of complications.