Development and implementation of food and nutrition labelling policies in Mongolia: a policy analysis

To analyse food and nutrition labelling policies in Mongolia, with the aim to identify key facilitators and barriers in the policy process and to propose priority actions to address these challenges.

A qualitative study utilising semi-structured individual interviews explored opinions and views of policy stakeholders on Mongolian food and nutrition labelling policies.

Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.

Eighteen policy stakeholders, including government officials, representatives of consumer organisations and food producers.

Food labelling regulations in Mongolia were developed as part of broader reforms of the food system control to respond to changes related to the country's transition to a market economy. Government leadership, along with technical support from international agencies, facilitated the development of these regulations. Key barriers identified in policy development were industry opposition, lack of consumer engagement, disruptions from government changes and funding shortages. Policy implementation was hindered by delays in operational regulations, inadequate infrastructure and limited knowledge and funding.

To date, the development and implementation of food and nutrition labelling policies in Mongolia have been limited and insufficient. Given the health and nutritional impacts of the nutrition transition, prioritising nutrition labelling policies is essential and should emphasise consumer needs. Key actions should include the establishment of clear regulations, active stakeholder engagement, well-resourced implementation, capacity building among regulators and producers, and consumer education.