Effectiveness of a multicomponent telerehabilitation program for older veterans with multimorbidity: protocol and...

Older veterans experience higher rates of multimorbidity than their non-veteran peers; multimorbidity negatively impacts physical, mental, and social health necessitating a biopsychosocial approach to physical rehabilitation programs.

The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the MultiComponent TeleRehabilitation (MCTR) program for improving physical function compared to general health education.

The design was a 2-arm parallel randomized controlled trial.

This study was conducted within the United States Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

One hundred twenty-six veterans aged ≥60 with ≥3 medical comorbidities defined by the Functional Comorbidity Index and impaired physical function (perform ≤8 repetitions during 30-second sit to stand test) will be enrolled. Exclusion criteria are moderate to severe cognitive impairment without caregiver assistance (telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment score < 11/22), medical condition precluding safe participation in high-intensity strength training, and life expectancy <12 months.

Veterans will be randomized to either the MCTR program (intervention group) or health education (control group). The MCTR program consists of high-intensity strengthening and functional training, physical activity coaching, social support, and adjunctive technologies.

The primary outcome is the 2-minute step test. Secondary outcomes include: physical function, physical activity, and patient-reported outcome measures related to physical, mental, and social health.

Enrollment began April 2024 and results are expected August 2027.

This study serves as an important step in advancement of telerehabilitation and physical therapist interventions for older veterans with multimorbidity.

This trial addresses a critical gap in rehabilitation for older veterans with multimorbidity by evaluating a comprehensive telerehabilitation program that integrates high-intensity exercise, coaching, social support, and technology. Findings will inform scalable care models within the VHA and similar health care systems.