Unveiling the Potential of Plant-derived Exosomes: A Comprehensive Review.

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Nanomedicine
• Plant Biology

Background:

• Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are key mediators of intercellular communication.
• Mammalian exosomes show potential as diagnostic and therapeutic agents, particularly in oncology.
• Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) emerge as a promising alternative, addressing limitations of mammalian exosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the origins, isolation, and characterization of plant-derived exosomes (PDEs).
• To evaluate the therapeutic potential of PDEs as nanocarriers for drug delivery.
• To identify challenges and interdisciplinary strategies for enhancing PDE isolation and application.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on plant-derived exosome isolation and characterization.
• Analysis of structural and biochemical properties of PDEs for nanocarrier function.
• Evaluation of interdisciplinary approaches for improving isolation efficiency and scalability.

Main Results:

• PDEs possess anticancer and antioxidant properties, demonstrating significant therapeutic potential.
• PDEs exhibit favorable physiological, chemical, and biological characteristics for drug delivery.
• Current isolation techniques for PDEs are time-consuming, technically challenging, and may pose safety risks.

Conclusions:

• PDEs are a promising avenue for developing novel drug delivery systems due to their inherent properties.
• Refinement of isolation and drug-loading techniques, potentially via interdisciplinary strategies, is crucial.
• Further research is essential to establish safer and more efficient plant-derived exosome-based therapeutic platforms.