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Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers

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Multifunctional Wearable OLED-OPD System with Wavelength-Tunable Emission for Phototheranostics.

Minseong Park^1,2, Ho Seung Lee³, Youjin Cho²

¹Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.

|March 26, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a compact wearable device using wavelength-tunable organic light-emitting diodes (WTOLEDs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs) for integrated sensing and light therapy. The innovative design enables dual-wavelength physiological monitoring and phototherapy in a single, flexible platform.

Keywords:

OLED area-efficient photoplethysmography pulse oximetry sensor wavelength-tunable

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Optoelectronics

Background:

Wearable healthcare demands integrated sensing and light delivery.
Conventional systems face limitations in space efficiency and flexibility.
Need for compact, multifunctional optoelectronic platforms for noninvasive applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a multifunctional wearable optoelectronic platform integrating diagnostic sensing and therapeutic light delivery.
To overcome limitations of conventional systems using spatially separated light sources or rigid LEDs.
To create a compact, flexible device for simultaneous physiological monitoring and phototherapy.

Main Methods:

Integration of wavelength-tunable organic light-emitting diodes (WTOLEDs) with organic photodiodes (OPDs).
Vertical stacking of red and blue OLEDs for polarity-dependent wavelength switching (624 nm and 464 nm).
Area-efficient design with light-emitting region encircling the light-receiving element.

Main Results:

Demonstrated dual-wavelength physiological monitoring using photoplethysmography (PPG).
Enabled therapeutic applications: red-light photobiomodulation and blue-light bilirubin photodegradation.
Achieved stable thermal and mechanical performance under wearable conditions.

Conclusions:

Established a compact phototheranostic architecture for wavelength-selective sensing and therapy.
The platform offers an area-efficient and flexible solution for integrated wearable healthcare.
Validated the potential of WTOLEDs and OPDs for advanced noninvasive medical devices.