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Shared premotor resources underlie dual-task interference between speech and balance.

Weina Lu1, Sasha Lifton Lewis1, Zoey Wire1

  • 1Department of Exercise and Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton 01063, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research
|March 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Speaking while standing impairs balance by overloading shared neural resources in the premotor cortex (PMC). This dual-task interference highlights a bottleneck when verbalizing actions, unlike cognitive tasks alone.

Keywords:
Dual-task interferenceFNIRSMotor-cognitionNeuroimagingPostural controlPremotor cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Dual-tasking often impairs postural control due to competition for shared neural resources.
  • The premotor cortex (PMC) is vital for balance and processing action-related language.
  • Simultaneous speaking and standing may overload the PMC, creating a processing bottleneck.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if speaking while standing causes dual-task interference by overloading shared motor-cognitive resources in the PMC.
  • To differentiate the effects of verbalizing actions versus cognitive imagery on postural control and cortical activity.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-one healthy adults maintained upright stance while verbally describing or mentally imagining navigating a maze.
  • Postural sway was measured using inertial measurement units (IMUs).
  • Cortical activity was recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Main Results:

  • Verbalizing actions significantly increased postural sway compared to mental imagery.
  • Speaking engaged bilateral premotor and supplementary motor cortices (PMC), showing increased activation relative to imagery.
  • Increased cognitive demand from imagery alone did not compromise balance.

Conclusions:

  • Verbalizing motor actions destabilizes posture by overloading shared motor-cortical resources, confirming a premotor bottleneck.
  • This premotor bottleneck explains dual-task interference during simultaneous action and postural control.
  • Cognitive demand alone does not necessarily impair balance, distinguishing it from action verbalization effects.