Graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts for sustainable energy and environmental remediation: Performance...

This review delves into the burgeoning field of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) photocatalysis, offering a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements. It first examines the structural and electronic properties of g-C₃N₄, and further explores how these intrinsic characteristics regulate its performance in light-driven reactions. Despite its potential, g-C₃N₄ faces hurdles such as restricted visible-light absorption and suboptimal charge carrier dynamics. To this end, the review outlines innovative strategies to enhance its light-harvesting and charge-transport capabilities, including defect engineering, bandgap modulation, and the design of nanostructured architectures. Moreover, it highlights the critical importance of developing scalable synthesis protocols that strike a balance between efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Finally, future research perspectives are presented, with a specific emphasis on unlocking the full application potential of g-C₃N₄ in sustainable energy production and environmental remediation.