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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

43.2K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
43.2K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.3K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.3K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

3.4K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
3.4K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.8K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.8K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.7K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties
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Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

Published on: January 8, 2016

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Fast Polymerization Dynamics Achieving Multifunctional Safe Composites for Efficient Photothermal Conversion and

Yuquan Chen1, Tianyang Cui1, Yapeng Zheng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Nano Letters
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new MXene/PDMS composite offers advanced ice protection for critical infrastructure. This material combines passive anti-icing with efficient photothermal deicing, promising sustainable and reliable solutions.

Keywords:
MXenebuilding thermal insulationmicrowave polymerizationphotothermal deicingunmanned aerial vehicles

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Icing on critical infrastructure poses significant risks.
  • Conventional deicing methods are energy-intensive.
  • Existing icephobic coatings lack durability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a multifunctional composite for efficient deicing.
  • Address limitations of current anti-icing technologies.
  • Create a durable and reliable ice protection material.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a porous MXene/PDMS composite using microwave assistance.
  • Modification with SiO2 to enhance hydrophobicity.
  • Evaluation of photothermal conversion, thermal conductivity, and icephobic properties.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 88.7% photothermal conversion efficiency.
  • Exhibited ultralow thermal conductivity (0.0648 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹).
  • Demonstrated significant ice delay (510 s) and rapid deicing (100 s) at -18 °C.

Conclusions:

  • The composite synergistically integrates passive anti-icing and active photothermal deicing.
  • Offers superior performance in complex environmental conditions.
  • Shows promise for sustainable, energy-efficient, and next-generation applications.