Advances in fluorescence-based point-of-care diagnostics: probes, nanostructures and integrated systems.

Area of Science:

• Materials Chemistry
• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Fluorescence-based point-of-care (POC) technologies are crucial for rapid diagnostics.
• Advances in materials chemistry are driving significant improvements in these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of fluorescent materials for POC diagnostics.
• To highlight design strategies, integration methods, and future trends in the field.

Main Methods:

• Review of fluorescent molecular probes, proteins, nanostructures, MOFs, silica platforms, carbon dots, and upconverting nanoparticles.
• Analysis of photophysical mechanisms, design strategies (brightness, stability, multiplexing), and integration with microfluidics, wearables, and smartphone readouts.
• Discussion of limitations, translational challenges, and emerging trends like AI, NIR, and AIE fluorophores.

Main Results:

• Engineered fluorescent materials are enabling high-performance portable diagnostic systems.
• Integration with microfluidics and smartphone technology enhances POC device functionality.
• AI-enabled data analysis and novel fluorophores are key future directions.

Conclusions:

• Material innovation is pivotal for advancing fluorescence-based POC sensing.
• Next-generation POC diagnostics will benefit from improved material properties and integrated technologies.
• The field is poised for high-performance, accessible diagnostic solutions through continued material science advancements.