Advances in the pathogenesis of MASLD and its association with neutrophils

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fat in the liver. The causes of MASLD are varied, and include an unhealthy lifestyle, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. They are considered to be susceptibility-inducing factors for MASLD, and are strongly associated with obesity. Many researchers have explored the pathogenesis of MASLD in recent years, and have concluded that its development is associated with insulin resistance and impaired fat metabolism, which manifests as a form of metabolic liver injury. Currently available treatments remain challenging to implement, and impose a significant burden on the healthcare system. Neutrophils play an important role in the development of MASLD, and are crucial immune cells that provide the first line of defense against infection and injury. This review examines the pathogenesis of MASLD and the role of neutrophils in the disease, and further explores current advances in MASLD treatment as well as the therapeutic potential of neutrophils.