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Individuals with Intermittent Explosive Disorder Exhibit Idiosyncratic Neural Responses during Social-emotional

Jiajie Chen¹, Sarah Keedy^2,3, Emil Coccaro⁴

¹Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|March 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with intermittent explosive disorder (IED) show unique brain responses to social cues, unlike healthy individuals whose neural activity is more synchronized. This neural idiosyncrasy may explain impulsive aggression in IED.

Keywords:

aggression functional magnetic resonance imaging intermittent explosive disorder naturalistic video-viewing neural synchrony

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Social Cognition

Background:

Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is linked to impulsive aggression, particularly in ambiguous social settings.
Previous neuroimaging research has often viewed IED as a uniform condition, potentially overlooking individual differences in neural processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether individuals with IED exhibit idiosyncratic neural responses to social cues during naturalistic social-emotional processing.
To compare neural similarity between healthy individuals and those with IED during social interaction tasks.

Main Methods:

fMRI scans were used on individuals with IED and healthy controls viewing video vignettes of interpersonal interactions.
Intersubject correlation (ISC) was computed to measure neural similarity within dyads (Healthy-Healthy vs. IED-IED).
Bayesian multilevel models controlled for self-reported emotions and intention attributions.

Main Results:

Healthy dyads exhibited significantly higher neural similarity (ISC) compared to IED dyads.
IED individuals demonstrated idiosyncratic neural responses in brain regions associated with the default mode and salience networks.
These findings persisted even after accounting for individual emotional reactions and interpretations.

Conclusions:

Neural responses to social cues are idiosyncratic in individuals with IED, contrasting with the synchronized responses in healthy individuals.
This neural idiosyncrasy may contribute to atypical social cue integration, leading to maladaptive interpretations and impulsive aggression.
Measuring neural synchrony in realistic social contexts presents a novel approach for identifying biomarkers of interpersonal dysfunction in IED.