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Association between In Vitro fertilization and gestational diabetes mellitus: a multicenter cohort study
Ping Yu1, Qiong Li2, Deshen Han3
1Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China.
Introduction:
This multicenter retrospective cohort study investigates the association between in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk across demographic subgroups.
Methods:
Using clinical data from 61,329 pregnant women (3,902 IVF-conceived; 57,427 naturally conceived) across three tertiary hospitals in China, we compared GDM incidence diagnosed through standardized oral glucose tolerance tests (24-28 gestational weeks).
Results:
The IVF group exhibited significantly higher GDM incidence (17.32% vs. 12.91%, p<0.001). The analysis adjusted for age, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), family history of DM, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine revealed IVF-conceived pregnancies had 15% elevated GDM risk. Subgroup analyses demonstrated heightened IVF-associated GDM risk in women aged <35 years, those with pre-pregnancy BMI <24 kg/m2, and primiparous women. No significant associations were observed in older women (≥35 years), individuals with BMI ≥24 kg/m2, or multiparous women.
Discussion:
These findings identify IVF as an independent GDM risk factor, particularly in younger, leaner, and first-time mothers. The results underscore the importance of stratified prenatal monitoring and mechanistic investigations into fertility treatments' metabolic impacts.
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