Stability Challenges and Engineering Strategies of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Like Particles: A...

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology and Nanomedicine
• Plant-derived nanocarriers
• Therapeutic agent development

Background:

• Plant-derived extracellular vesicle-like particles (PD-EVLPs) are biocompatible nanocarriers with therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.
• Clinical translation of PD-EVLPs is hindered by stability issues during preparation, storage, and in vivo administration.
• Current isolation and preservation methods compromise PD-EVLP integrity, dispersity, and purity, impacting their ex vivo stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the PD-EVLP pipeline from preparation to application.
• To identify and analyze stability challenges at each stage of PD-EVLP handling.
• To explore engineering strategies for enhancing PD-EVLP stability and guide preclinical study design.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of PD-EVLP preparation, stability, and engineering strategies.
• Analysis of challenges in isolation, storage, and administration routes.
• Evaluation of potential risks associated with stability modifications.

Main Results:

• Non-standardized isolation protocols, freeze-thaw cycles, and lyophilization negatively impact PD-EVLP stability.
• Gastric/intestinal fluids and rapid immune clearance challenge in vivo bioavailability.
• Engineering strategies can enhance PD-EVLP stability but require careful risk assessment.

Conclusions:

• Standardizing PD-EVLP preparation protocols is crucial for consistent yield, purity, and structural integrity.
• Addressing ex vivo and in vivo stability concerns is essential for effective therapeutic application.
• A comprehensive framework is needed to guide the development and clinical translation of PD-EVLPs.