Masson´s tumor in an uncommon location: A case report and literature review

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a rare, benign, non-neoplastic vascular lesion resulting from reactive endothelial proliferation associated with thrombus organization. Although uncommon in the oral cavity, IPEH may clinically mimic malignant neoplasms, frequently presenting as a nodular or ulcerated lesion and posing a diagnostic challenge. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis and plays a crucial role in the differential diagnosis, helping to avoid unnecessary aggressive treatment. Surgical excision with clear margins is generally considered the treatment of choice; however, evidence regarding alternative management strategies is scarce. We report the case of a 74-year-old woman who presented with an ulcerated lesion on the right lateral border of the mobile tongue, clinically highly suspicious for oral malignancy due to its morphology and patient-related risk factors. Histopathological analysis revealed intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia. Given the benign diagnosis, the patient's significant systemic comorbidities, severe cognitive impairment, and the high risk associated with surgical treatment and postoperative care, a conservative management strategy based on watchful waiting was deliberately chosen. No additional imaging studies were performed, as they were not expected to influence clinical decision-making. During follow-up, the lesion remained clinically stable without signs of progression. This case underscores the importance of considering IPEH in the differential diagnosis of tongue lesions and highlights that, in carefully selected patients, conservative management may represent a valid alternative to surgery, thereby preventing overtreatment of benign vascular lesions that clinically simulate malignancy.