A Transient "Blueberry Muffin" Rash in a Neonate with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the
Aaron Cheng1, Justin Guzman2, David G Cotter3
1Mr. Cheng is with the Long School of Medicine at the University of Texas Health San Antonio in San Antonio, Texas.
Abstract:
A "blueberry muffin rash," typically attributed to congenital toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus (TORCH) infections, is a rare and underreported cutaneous manifestation of serious underlying pathology, including hematologic malignancies. We report a case of congenital acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a full-term newborn who presented at day-of-life 0 with multiple blue to purple macules, patches, and indurated papulonodules and plaques on the trunk and extremities consistent with a "blueberry muffin rash". Notably, the rash was transient and spontaneously resolved within 24 hours of life, making it easy to overlook, potentially delaying life-saving treatment. This case reinforces the need for a full diagnostic workup and high clinical suspicion for leukemia in neonates presenting with a "blueberry muffin rash."
Insights
A rare "blueberry muffin rash" in newborns can signal acute myeloid leukemia (AML), not just TORCH infections. Early diagnosis is crucial for timely, life-saving leukemia treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Dermatology
- Pediatric Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- The 'blueberry muffin rash' is a rare skin condition often linked to TORCH infections.
- It can also indicate serious underlying conditions like hematologic malignancies in newborns.
- This presentation is frequently underreported in medical literature.
