Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Dermatology: A Review of Emerging Therapeutic Applications

This article aims to evaluate and discuss the therapeutic potential of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) in clinical and aesthetic dermatology by examining their mechanisms, clinical application, efficacy, and safety profiles.

A comprehensive literature search was completed using the keywords "plant-derived exosomes," "dermatology," "skin disorders," "treatment," "inflammatory skin conditions," "cosmetic," "regenerative medicine," "wound healing," and "chemotherapeutic skin-related toxicities." The authors reviewed all studies and included those that addressed PEVs.

PEVs demonstrate multifaceted therapeutic properties: (1) immunomodulation through suppression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 17, tumor necrosis factor-α), (2) restoration of skin barrier function, (3) promotion of tissue regeneration in wounds and scars, and (4) effective stabilization and delivery of therapeutic cargo (microRNAs, hydrophobic drugs). Clinical case studies, particularly with rose stem cell exosomes, show efficacy in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, wound healing, and chemotherapy-induced dermatologic toxicities, with rapid symptom relief and structural improvement.

Current evidence is constrained by predominance of preclinical data focused primarily on mammalian-derived exosomes as well as variability in PEV isolation and characterization methods across studies. Clinical data regarding the use of PEVs remains limited in the literature.

PEVs represent a promising new class of dermatologic therapeutics combining plant-derived biocompatibility with targeted therapeutic effects. Future research should prioritize controlled clinical trials, standardization of production methods, and exploration of engineered PEVs for precision medicine applications in dermatology.