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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Gerontology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Dementia poses a significant public health challenge.
    • Identifying early indicators is crucial for timely intervention.
    • Hearing loss (HL) is a common condition in aging populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between different types of hearing loss and dementia.
    • To evaluate hearing loss as a potential early warning sign for dementia.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 16,270 participants from the All of Us database (1980-2022).
    • Inclusion of 1,224 individuals diagnosed with dementia, matched with controls based on U.S. census demographics.
    • Statistical analysis using odds ratios (OR) and effect sizes to determine associations.

    Main Results:

    • Severe survey-reported HL demonstrated the strongest association with dementia (OR 6.76, p < 0.001).
    • Sensorineural HL (SNHL) also showed a significant link to dementia (OR 3.90, p < 0.001).
    • Other factors like smoking, parental HL, and hypertension were also associated with dementia, but with smaller effect sizes.

    Conclusions:

    • Severe survey-reported hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss are strongly associated with dementia.
    • These findings highlight the potential of hearing loss as an early indicator of dementia.
    • Further research may explore the causal mechanisms linking hearing loss and cognitive decline.