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Non-ohmic Devices00:51

Non-ohmic Devices

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In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a diode, and a resistor. A...
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

7.1K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
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Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
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Proteinoid Computing on Olivine Substrates.

Panagiotis Mougkogiannis1, Andrew Adamatzky1

  • 1Unconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Stoke Gifford, Bristol BS16 1QY, U.K.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteinoid microspheres on olivine minerals exhibit self-organization and primitive computation. These mineral-organic hybrids show potential for bioinspired computing and understanding prebiotic chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrobiology and Geochemistry
  • Biophysics and Systems Chemistry
  • Bio-inspired Computing

Background:

  • Olivine is a common mineral in meteorites and planetary bodies, suggesting its role in extraterrestrial prebiotic chemistry.
  • Understanding mineral-organic interactions is crucial for exploring the origins of life and developing novel computing systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-organization, electrochemical properties, and information processing capabilities of proteinoid systems on olivine substrates.
  • To explore the potential of mineral-organic hybrids for prebiotic chemistry and unconventional computing.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Glu:Phe:Asp proteinoids in olivine-rich acidic solutions simulating early Earth hydrothermal conditions.
  • Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).
  • Analysis of electrochemical behavior, including impedance profiles and galvanostatic measurements.

Main Results:

  • Proteinoids self-assembled into diverse morphologies, including microspheres, dendritic networks, and mineral-templated structures, exhibiting budding-like reproduction and neuron-like branching.
  • Electrochemical analysis demonstrated stable impedance profiles capable of performing Boolean logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, NOT).
  • Galvanostatic measurements revealed spontaneous electrical oscillations with complex adaptive system signatures, stabilized by olivine substrates.

Conclusions:

  • Proteinoid-olivine hybrids display biomimetic self-assembly, primitive reproductive behaviors, and unconventional computing capabilities.
  • These findings highlight the significance of mineral-organic interactions in both prebiotic chemistry and the development of bioinspired computing systems.
  • Olivine substrates enhance the stability and computational functionality of proteinoid systems.