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The Effect of Alexithymia, Metacognitive Beliefs and Self-Efficacy on Disability in Patients With Schizophrenia: A
Hatice Polat1, Kerim Uğur2, Tunahan Sun3
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey.
Introduction:
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder and one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with greater levels of disability being associated with lower general self-efficacy. Reducing disability and enhancing self-sufficiency in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia are among the primary goals of treatment and care.
Aim:
This study aimed to examine the effects of alexithymia and metacognitive beliefs on self-efficacy levels and disability in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Methods:
The study was conducted with 145 individuals under the age of 30 (67 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 78 healthy controls) using a descriptive and correlational design. Data were collected using a sociodemographic data form, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0).
Results:
Compared to the control group, the patient group demonstrated significantly higher TAS-20, MCQ-30 and WHODAS 2.0 scores, and significantly lower GSES scores (p < 0.05). The patients' total MCQ-30 scores were significantly associated with both WHODAS 2.0 and GSES scores (p < 0.05); however, TAS-20 did not mediate the relationship between MCQ-30 and WHODAS 2.0 (p > 0.05), whereas it showed a significant mediating effect in the relationship between MCQ-30 and GSES (p < 0.05).
Discussion:
Patients exhibited higher disability and lower general self-efficacy than the control group. Cognitive-behavioural and metacognitive therapeutic approaches targeting alexithymia may contribute to improved functioning and reduced disability in individuals with schizophrenia.
Implications For Practice:
The findings improve understanding of factors related to disability and diminished general self-efficacy in individuals with schizophrenia and may inform the development of targeted psychosocial interventions.
Relevance Statement:
Self-efficacy and disability are key determinants of recovery in schizophrenia. By demonstrating the roles of alexithymia and metacognitive beliefs, this study provides a conceptual framework to guide clinical practice and supportive care strategies.
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