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Taming Proton Transfer Through Proton Conductors to Boost Hydrogen Evolution.

Zhongyao Zhang1,2, Feiting Zhang1, Yu Ao1

  • 1College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.

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|March 27, 2026
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Summary

Researchers developed nitrogen-functionalized carbon to control interfacial pH during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This method enhances proton concentration at active sites, optimizing HER electrocatalysis.

Keywords:
hydrogen evolutioninterfacial pHmass transfer efficiencyproton transfersurface functional groups

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for clean energy but is sensitive to interfacial pH.
  • Existing methods struggle with in situ monitoring and control of pH at the electrode-electrolyte interface during HER.
  • Proton consumption and hydroxide formation during HER create a significant pH gradient, limiting efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel strategy for modulating interfacial pH during HER.
  • To investigate the use of nitrogen-functionalized carbon as proton-conducting mediators.
  • To establish a quantitative link between nitrogen group density and interfacial proton concentration.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of nitrogen-functionalized carbon physically mixed with platinum (Pt) catalysts.
  • Electrochemical characterization using open-circuit potential transients.
  • In situ infrared spectroscopy to analyze interfacial conditions.

Main Results:

  • A quantitative correlation was established between nitrogen group density and interfacial proton concentration.
  • Nitrogen moieties facilitated proton transport via a Grotthuss-type mechanism (proton hopping).
  • The method effectively increased local proton concentration around Pt active sites during HER.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrogen-functionalized carbons act as tunable proton conductors, optimizing interfacial pH for HER.
  • This approach provides a generalizable platform for enhancing electrocatalytic systems sensitive to interfacial pH.
  • The strategy overcomes limitations posed by hydroxide accumulation during HER operation.