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Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Silicosis: A Systematic Review
Maria Carmina Pau1, Elisabetta Zinellu1, Barbara Piras1
1Clinical and Interventional Pulmonology, University Hospital of Sassari (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 27, 2026
Summary
Silicosis patients show increased oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased antioxidant markers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). This highlights oxidative damage and impaired defenses in lung fibrosis.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Toxicology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Silicosis is a fibrotic lung disease from crystalline silica inhalation.
- Oxidative stress is implicated in silica-induced inflammation, injury, and fibrosis.
- Evidence suggests an imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant markers in silicosis patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and appraise evidence on oxidative stress biomarkers in silicosis.
- To compare oxidant and antioxidant marker levels in silicosis patients versus healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Included studies assessed oxidative stress biomarkers in biological samples.
- Searched databases from inception to November 30, 2025.
Main Results:
- Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased, indicating lipid peroxidation.
- Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was significantly decreased, showing impaired antioxidant defense.
- Elevated oxidants confirmed lipid, nitrosative, and DNA damage; overall antioxidant defenses were compromised.
Conclusions:
- Oxidative stress plays a central role in silicosis pathogenesis and progression.
- Further research with larger cohorts and diverse biomarkers is needed.
- Biomarkers may aid in monitoring disease progression and severity.
