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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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tKeima: A Large-Stokes-Shift Platform for Metal Ion Detection.

Yun Gyo Seo1, Dan-Gyeong Han1, In Jung Kim2

  • 1Division of Applied Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.

Biosensors
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The fluorescent protein tKeima effectively detects metal ions like iron and copper. Its quenching mechanism and selectivity support its use as a versatile biosensor for environmental and cellular applications.

Keywords:
fluorescence quenchingfluorescent proteinmetal biosensorreversibilitytKeima

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Metal ion detection is vital for food safety, environmental monitoring, and cellular studies.
  • Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are promising biosensors due to their intrinsic fluorescence and sensitivity to metal binding.
  • The tKeima FP offers advantages like a large Stokes shift and spectral stability for detecting analytes in complex matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the metal-quenching mechanism of the tKeima fluorescent protein.
  • To quantify the binding affinities and detection limits of tKeima for biologically relevant metal ions (Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+).
  • To evaluate tKeima's potential as a biosensor for metal ion detection in complex samples.

Main Methods:

  • Metal titration experiments were performed to analyze tKeima quenching by Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+.
  • Langmuir isotherm modeling was used to determine dissociation constants (Kd) and maximum quenching capacities (Bmax).
  • Stern-Volmer analysis and sphere-of-action models were applied to elucidate the quenching mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • tKeima exhibited distinct quenching responses to Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ with varying affinities and detection limits.
  • Dynamic quenching was predominant for Fe2+ and Cu2+, while Fe3+ showed a significant static quenching component.
  • tKeima demonstrated partial fluorescence recovery with EDTA and moderate selectivity against common interfering ions.

Conclusions:

  • The study clarifies the metal-quenching mechanisms of tKeima, highlighting its utility for detecting specific metal ions.
  • tKeima's properties make it a suitable platform for developing robust biosensors for environmental and biological applications.
  • Further optimization could enhance tKeima's selectivity and sensitivity for broader metal ion sensing applications.