Photobiomodulation Therapy: The Dawn of Myopia Control

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Developmental Biology
• Photobiology

Background:

• Global prevalence of myopia (nearsightedness) is increasing, necessitating research into its underlying mechanisms.
• Light exposure is recognized as a critical factor in normal ocular development.
• Previous research has investigated the link between light exposure and myopia development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the emerging field of photobiomodulation (using light to modulate biological processes) as a potential intervention for myopia prevention.
• To summarize current knowledge on light's role in ocular development and myopia.
• To identify gaps in understanding and guide future research directions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of texts published between January 1990 and December 2025.
• PubMed database search using keywords related to myopia, ocular development, light exposure, circadian regulation, nonvisual opsins, and light-induced ocular damage.
• Synthesis of findings from retrieved studies.

Main Results:

• Photobiomodulation presents a potential strategy for controlling myopia progression.
• The precise mechanisms by which light influences ocular development and myopia remain complex and not fully elucidated.
• The review highlights the intricate relationship between light, circadian rhythms, opsins, and ocular health.

Conclusions:

• Photobiomodulation is a promising avenue for myopia intervention.
• Further investigation is crucial to unravel the complex mechanisms of light's impact on eye development and myopia.
• This review provides a foundation for future research into light-based myopia control strategies.