Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

29
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
29
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

95
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
95
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

1.9K
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
1.9K
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

62.1K
Overview
62.1K
Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

43
Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These...
43
Production of Antibiotics01:27

Production of Antibiotics

58
Penicillin, one of the earliest and most widely used antibiotics, is produced industrially by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Large stirred-tank bioreactors ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of liters maintain tightly controlled temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen conditions to support fungal metabolism and maximize antibiotic yield. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite, synthesized primarily during the stationary growth phase, which requires a carefully managed...
58

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transcatheter closure of the right atrioventricular valve in a double-inlet left ventricle patient following fontan operation.

Turk gogus kalp damar cerrahisi dergisi·2026
Same author

Clinical Outcomes of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device-Related Endocarditis: An International ID-IRI Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Consensus paper on <i>Candida auris</i> by Türkiye EKMUD, ID-IRI, THSK of Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye, KLIMUD, TMC, TARD, and TYBD.

Turkish journal of medical sciences·2025
Same author

Managing <i>Candida auris</i> fungemias: the results of a prospective and international study.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2025
Same author

Classical fever of unknown origin in 21 countries with different economic development: an international ID-IRI study.

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology·2023
Same author

International Multicentre Study of <i>Candida auris</i> Infections.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

11.6K

Colistin Resistance: From Laboratory Research to Modern Clinical Management.

Hakan Erdem1, Gulden Yilmaz-Tehli1

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gülhane School of Medicine, Health Sciences University, Ankara 06010, Türkiye.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Colistin resistance is rising globally due to increased use against multidrug-resistant bacteria. New strategies are needed to preserve this vital antibiotic and combat resistant infections.

Keywords:
Klebsiella pneumoniaeantimicrobial resistancecolistinmultidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteriapolymyxins

More Related Videos

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
12:03

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

Published on: April 18, 2019

28.0K
Antibiotic Efficacy Testing in an Ex vivo Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung
09:26

Antibiotic Efficacy Testing in an Ex vivo Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Published on: January 22, 2021

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
08:19

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

Published on: July 7, 2020

11.6K
Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
12:03

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

Published on: April 18, 2019

28.0K
Antibiotic Efficacy Testing in an Ex vivo Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung
09:26

Antibiotic Efficacy Testing in an Ex vivo Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Published on: January 22, 2021

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Colistin is a critical last-resort antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.
  • Increased use of colistin, driven by carbapenem resistance, has led to a concerning rise in colistin resistance.
  • Understanding colistin's pharmacology and resistance is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on colistin's pharmacology, resistance mechanisms, and epidemiology.
  • To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for colistin-resistant infections.
  • To highlight the urgent need for optimized colistin use and novel treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative literature review was conducted.
  • Studies on colistin's chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, clinical use, dosing, and resistance were analyzed.
  • Data on resistance mechanisms (chromosomal and plasmid-mediated), detection, epidemiology, and clinical outcomes were examined.

Main Results:

  • Colistin remains active against key multidrug-resistant pathogens, but resistance is increasing worldwide.
  • Chromosomal lipid A modifications and plasmid-mediated mcr genes are primary resistance mechanisms.
  • Combination therapies, inhaled formulations, and novel approaches like bacteriophages show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Escalating colistin resistance threatens its clinical utility.
  • Optimized colistin use, surveillance, and accurate detection are essential.
  • Development of innovative therapies is critical to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections.