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Antimicrobial Resistance Along the Food Chain: Spread and Integrated Strategies for Mitigation and Control.

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Summary

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat, exacerbated by widespread antimicrobial use in humans and animals. A One Health approach, improved diagnostics, and new therapies are crucial to combat resistant pathogens in the food chain.

Keywords:
One Healthantimicrobial resistanceantimicrobial stewardshipfoodsurveillance

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Area of Science:

  • * One Health and Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) studies.
  • * Foodborne pathogen research and public health.
  • * Veterinary medicine and global health security.

Background:

  • * Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to human and animal health globally.
  • * Irrational antimicrobial use in human medicine, veterinary practices, agriculture, and aquaculture drives resistance.
  • * Resistant microorganisms can contaminate the food chain, with over 10% of foodborne pathogens showing resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To highlight the critical role of the veterinary sector in AMR dissemination.
  • * To emphasize the need for a coordinated, multi-sectoral One Health approach to combat AMR.
  • * To identify key strategies for mitigating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of a recent meta-analysis on antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens.
  • * Review of current antimicrobial usage patterns in veterinary medicine and animal production.
  • * Assessment of existing and proposed AMR mitigation strategies.

Main Results:

  • * The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens in food samples exceeds 10%.
  • * The veterinary sector significantly contributes to AMR selection and spread via the food chain.
  • * Resistant pathogens disseminate rapidly across sectors and national borders.

Conclusions:

  • * A comprehensive One Health approach integrating human, animal, and environmental health is essential.
  • * Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship, reducing prophylactic use, and enhancing surveillance are key.
  • * Investment in advanced diagnostics, AI/ML, and novel therapeutics is crucial for effective AMR control.