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Multiscale Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity: From Molecular Pathways to Network Dynamics and Behavioral
Xue Wang1, Jun Zhang1,2, Xiaoyu Wang1
1Graduate School, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150008, China.
Brain Sciences
|March 27, 2026
Summary
Regular exercise enhances brain plasticity, improving cognitive function and mental health. It influences neurotrophic factors, cellular metabolism, and brain network organization, with personalized approaches crucial for optimal outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Exercise Physiology
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Exercise is a vital non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing brain plasticity.
- Improved brain plasticity correlates with better cognitive performance and mental health.
- Understanding the mechanisms linking exercise to neuroplasticity is crucial for health promotion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an in-depth review of the multiscale neuroplasticity processes induced by exercise.
- To explore the role of genetic and environmental factors in moderating exercise-induced neuroplasticity.
- To discuss the translation of exercise science into clinical and educational practices.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of existing literature on exercise and neuroplasticity.
- Analysis of neuroimaging studies on brain network reorganization.
- Investigation of molecular, cellular, and systems-level adaptations.
Main Results:
- Exercise modulates neurotrophic factors, cellular metabolism, and neurotransmitter systems.
- Neuroimaging reveals structural and functional brain network reorganization following exercise.
- Cognitive and behavioral outcomes demonstrate adaptive changes due to exercise.
- Genetic and social factors significantly influence individual responses to exercise-induced neuroplasticity.
Conclusions:
- Exercise acts as a pleiotropic intervention promoting brain health through multiple pathways.
- Multimodal visualization and computational models can optimize exercise prescriptions.
- Further research is needed to address challenges in translating findings into clinical and educational settings.
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