Mind-Body Movement-Based Interventions and Periodontal Health: A Scoping Review

Background: Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a complex host-microbe interaction and modulated by systemic regulatory pathways, including stress-related neuroendocrine and immunological mechanisms. Mind-body movement-based interventions such as yoga, tai chi, and qigong have demonstrated beneficial effects on stress and inflammation in general medicine, yet their relevance for periodontal health has not been systematically mapped. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Eligibility criteria included studies conducted in adult human participants examining mind-body movement-based interventions in relation to periodontal health. Sources of evidence comprised peer-reviewed studies identified through systematic searches in CINAHL, BIOSIS, Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and LIVIVO. Data were charted using a standardized extraction form capturing key study characteristics and outcomes. Eligible studies reported clinical periodontal parameters and/or biological or psychosocial outcomes related to stress or inflammation. Results: Eleven studies investigating mind-body movement-based interventions and periodontal health were included. Interventions comprised yoga, pranayama, tai chi, and qigong, with study designs ranging from one randomized controlled trial to non-randomized interventional and observational studies. Most studies reported clinical periodontal parameters and/or periodontal-related biological markers, including inflammatory, oxidative, and immune markers, and several also assessed stress-related outcomes. The interventions were applied both as adjuncts to conventional periodontal therapy and as stand-alone approaches. Overall, the included studies reported short-term changes in periodontal parameters and stress-related measures that were generally directed towards associated with improvement; however, long-term periodontal outcomes were rarely assessed. Conclusions: Mind-body movement-based interventions, such as yoga and pranayama, have been examined in relation to periodontal health, with studies reporting periodontal clinical parameters, biological markers, and stress-related outcomes. The available evidence is heterogeneous and largely limited to short-term observations. Further methodologically rigorous studies with standardized outcome measures and longer follow-up periods are needed to better characterize the relationship between mind-body interventions and their potential adjunctive relevance in periodontal care, as current evidence does not allow conclusions regarding their routine adjunctive use.