Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
07:45

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.3K

Remimazolam Bolus Prevents Emergence Agitation After Rhinologic Surgery: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Controlled Trial

Grgur Prižmić1, Filip Periš1, Marinela Jozeljić Pešić1

  • 1Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.

Medical Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

A single dose of remimazolam effectively prevented emergence agitation in patients undergoing nasal surgery. This intervention did not delay patient recovery, offering a promising solution for managing post-operative complications.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Surgical Recovery

Background:

  • Emergence agitation (EA) is a frequent complication following rhinologic surgery, leading to potential self-injury and extended PACU stays.
  • Remimazolam, an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine, is investigated for its potential to mitigate EA without compromising recovery.
  • Current management strategies for EA often lack efficacy or delay patient discharge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of a single remimazolam dose in reducing the incidence of emergence agitation in adult patients undergoing nasal surgery.
  • To evaluate the impact of remimazolam on early recovery parameters and safety outcomes post-rhinologic surgery.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 62 adult patients undergoing elective rhinologic surgery.
  • Patients received either remimazolam (0.1 mg/kg) or saline placebo immediately before extubation.
  • Emergence agitation was quantified using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS); secondary outcomes included Aldrete scores and pain (VAS).

Main Results:

  • Remimazolam administration resulted in a complete absence of emergence agitation (0% vs. 37.5%, p < 0.001).
  • Patients receiving remimazolam demonstrated significantly higher Aldrete scores at extubation (76.7% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.030), indicating faster recovery.
  • No severe agitation, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), or clinically significant nasal bleeding occurred in the remimazolam group.

Conclusions:

  • A single perioperative dose of remimazolam effectively prevents emergence agitation after rhinologic surgery.
  • Remimazolam facilitates early recovery and does not prolong extubation or operative times.
  • This study supports remimazolam as a safe and effective option for managing emergence agitation in this patient population.
Keywords:
emergence agitationpost-anesthesia care unitrandomized controlled trialremimazolamrhinologic surgerysevoflurane

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Awake Nasotracheal Intubation with Flexible Video Rhino-Laryngoscopes03:58

Author Spotlight: Advancing Awake Nasotracheal Intubation with Flexible Video Rhino-Laryngoscopes

Published on: August 2, 2024

2.6K
Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention08:49

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention

Published on: October 16, 2013

14.6K

Related Concept Videos

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
1.1K
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
2.5K
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
831
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
917
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
818
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
1.0K