Risk of Functional Disorders and/or Thyroid Autoimmunity and Its Association with 25OH Vitamin D and Magnesium...

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Nutritional Science
• Immunology

Background:

• Vitamin D (Vit-D) and magnesium (Mg) have been implicated in thyroid function and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD).
• Previous research suggests a potential link between deficiencies in these micronutrients and thyroid dysfunction.
• Understanding this relationship is crucial for managing thyroid health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH Vit-D) and magnesium (Mg) levels and the risk of functional thyroid disorders and AITD.
• To determine if low levels of Vit-D and/or Mg are risk factors for thyroid conditions.
• To evaluate the diagnostic potential of Vit-D and Mg levels in identifying individuals with thyroid disorders.

Main Methods:

• A population-based case-control study involving 1028 participants (514 cases, 514 controls).
• Measurement of serum concentrations of 25OH Vit-D, Mg, TSH, FT4, FT3, and thyroid autoantibodies (TPOAb, TgAb, TRAb).
• Statistical analysis to assess the association between micronutrient levels and thyroid disorders.

Main Results:

• The prevalence of goiter, hypothyroidism, and thyroid autoantibody positivity was significantly higher in cases, particularly women.
• Thyroid antibody positivity (TPOAb and/or TgAb) was significantly more common in participants with deficient 25OH Vit-D and/or Mg levels.
• Specific thresholds for 25OH Vit-D (23.5 ng/mL) and Mg (1.8 mg/dL) showed weak but significant discrimination for AITD.

Conclusions:

• Low serum levels of 25OH Vit-D and Mg are associated with an increased risk of goiter and hypothyroidism.
• Deficiencies in these micronutrients correlate with a higher prevalence of thyroid autoantibody positivity.
• These findings underscore the potential role of Vit-D and Mg in thyroid health and disease prevention.