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Are Mathematical and Musical Abilities Related Beyond Intelligence?

Michaela A Meier1, Lara Spitzley1, Serra Ulusoy2

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Intelligence significantly influences the link between musical and mathematical abilities. While initial findings suggest a connection, this study reveals that intelligence fully explains the relationship between music and math skills.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Music
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Music and mathematics are often linked due to shared cognitive processes.
  • Previous research on musical interventions to improve math skills yielded inconclusive results.
  • The cognitive mechanisms underlying the music-math relationship remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the relationship between various facets of musical and mathematical abilities.
  • To examine the role of general intelligence as a potential mediator in the music-math association.
  • To clarify the cognitive underpinnings of the purported connection between music and mathematics.

Main Methods:

  • A latent variable model was employed to analyze data from 170 participants (music/math backgrounds and controls).
  • Mathematical abilities were assessed via numerical abilities, arithmetic fluency, and higher competencies.
  • Musical abilities were measured through beat alignment, mistuning perception, and melodic discrimination, alongside intelligence tests.

Main Results:

  • A moderate to strong positive association was initially observed between musical and mathematical abilities.
  • However, when intelligence was included as a predictor, the direct relationship between music and math became statistically nonsignificant.
  • Intelligence emerged as a significant factor, accounting for the observed correlation between musical and mathematical skills.

Conclusions:

  • The apparent link between musical and mathematical abilities is largely attributable to underlying intelligence.
  • Cognitive mechanisms directly linking music and math may be less significant than previously assumed.
  • Future research should carefully control for intelligence when investigating the music-math relationship.