Video-Based 3D Reconstruction: A Review of Photogrammetry and Visual SLAM Approaches

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction using images is one of the most significant topics in computer vision and photogrammetry, with wide-ranging applications in robotics, augmented reality, and mapping. This study investigates methods of 3D reconstruction using video (especially monocular video) data and focuses on techniques such as Structure from Motion (SfM), Multi-View Stereo (MVS), Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (V-SLAM), and videogrammetry. Based on a statistical analysis of SCOPUS records, these methods collectively account for approximately 6863 journal publications up to the end of 2024. Among these, about 80 studies are analyzed in greater detail to identify trends and advancements in the field. The study also shows that the use of video data for real-time 3D reconstruction is commonly addressed through two main approaches: photogrammetry-based methods, which rely on precise geometric principles and offer high accuracy at the cost of greater computational demand; and V-SLAM methods, which emphasize real-time processing and provide higher speed. Furthermore, the application of IMU data and other indicators, such as color quality and keypoint detection, for selecting suitable frames for 3D reconstruction is investigated. Overall, this study compiles and categorizes video-based reconstruction methods, emphasizing the critical step of keyframe extraction. By summarizing and illustrating the general approaches, the study aims to clarify and facilitate the entry path for researchers interested in this area. Finally, the paper offers targeted recommendations for improving keyframe extraction methods to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of real-time video-based 3D reconstruction, while also outlining future research directions in addressing challenges like dynamic scenes, reducing computational costs, and integrating advanced learning-based techniques.