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Etiology-Driven Personalized Cochlear Implantation: Implications for Electrode Choice, Timing, and Outcomes
Chang-Hee Kim1, Byung Yoon Choi2,3,4
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea.
Journal of Personalized Medicine
|March 27, 2026
Summary
Cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes vary due to the cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Personalizing CI based on etiology, like genetic factors or infections, can improve results for patients.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
Background:
- Cochlear implantation (CI) is a standard treatment for severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).
- Current CI practices are often uniform, overlooking the diverse causes of SNHL.
- Significant variability exists in CI outcomes among individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence for etiology-based personalized CI.
- To explore how the cause of SNHL impacts CI strategies and outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of clinical and translational studies.
- Focus on etiologies including congenital cytomegalovirus, genetic hearing loss, cochlear nerve deficiency, and inner ear malformations.
- Analysis of how etiology affects cochlear anatomy, neural integrity, and CI results.
Main Results:
- Etiology significantly influences neural survival, cochlear anatomy, and auditory plasticity.
- These factors impact optimal electrode selection, insertion techniques, and implantation timing.
- Personalized CI approaches tailored to specific etiologies may explain outcome variations.
Conclusions:
- Cochlear implantation should be considered a precision intervention, not a one-size-fits-all treatment.
- Integrating the underlying cause of SNHL into clinical decisions is crucial for personalized CI.
- This approach is key to improving CI outcomes for all patients.
