Targeted Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Approaches and Novel Directions

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a molecularly heterogeneous neoplasm of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The advent of high-resolution genomic sequencing has uncovered several genetic drivers of AML which spurred a surge of therapies that target the disease at a mutational, clonal, or epigenetic level. Currently, the molecular profiling of AML patients before treatment is commonplace and crucial for ensuring that patients receive the most optimal therapy for any driver mutations they may have. Here, we detail the current targeted therapies available for AML: specifically, those targeting the BCL2 family (venetoclax), FLT3 (midostaurin, gilteritinib, quizartinib), IDH1/2 (enasidenib, ivosidenib), and MENIN (revumenib, ziftomenib). In addition, we outline potential mechanisms of resistance against these therapies, as well as efforts being taken to prevent or bypass them.