Enhanced Early Detection and Precision Monitoring of Rubber Tree Powdery Mildew Pathogen Erysiphe quercicola Using...

Area of Science:

• Plant Pathology
• Molecular Biology
• Agricultural Science

Background:

• Powdery mildew, caused by *Erysiphe quercicola*, threatens rubber tree plantations globally.
• Current disease monitoring methods are often inaccurate and labor-intensive, hindering effective management.
• Early and precise detection is crucial for controlling this significant agricultural disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate an integrated molecular detection platform for *Erysiphe quercicola*.
• To enhance early-stage detection and monitoring of powdery mildew in rubber trees.
• To assess the potential for reducing fungicide use and environmental impact.

Main Methods:

• Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) were combined with propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment.
• The platform was validated for its detection range and accuracy using spore and mycelial DNA.
• The system's ability to differentiate viable from non-viable spores and detect mycelia in various leaf conditions was assessed.

Main Results:

• The platform accurately quantified *E. quercicola* at very low concentrations (10 spores/mL and 10^-5 ng/μL DNA).
• Viable spores were successfully distinguished from non-viable ones.
• The system detected *E. quercicola* mycelia in asymptomatic leaves and aged lesions, enabling earlier diagnosis.
• Fungicide efficacy against powdery mildew was assessed.

Conclusions:

• The integrated molecular platform offers a precise and efficient method for early detection of rubber tree powdery mildew.
• This technology can significantly improve disease monitoring and management strategies.
• The approach holds potential for reducing chemical fungicide application, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.