Organized and Fugitive VOC Emissions from Typical Industrial Parks and Their Impact on Secondary Pollution

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from industrial parks are a crucial source of urban air pollution. This study assessed VOC emissions and their impact on secondary pollution from three key industries-packaging and printing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and furniture manufacturing-in a typical industrial park in the Guanzhong region of China. The results revealed considerable variation in organized outlet VOC concentrations between the different industries, with the highest level observed in furniture manufacturing (3449.9 ± 437.6 µg/m³) and the lowest level discovered for pharmaceutical manufacturing (410.9 ± 205.5 μg/m³). The VOCs were mainly aromatics (40.7%) and alkanes (21.8%), with pentane, isopentane, xylene, and ethylbenzene the most abundant species. Although organized emissions (1151.6 t/y) constituted the primary source of emissions, fugitive emissions (358.1 t/y) remained a major contributor and primarily contributed aromatics and alkanes. Critically, reactivity-based assessment demonstrated that alkenes and aromatics were the principal contributors to the ozone formation potential (>80%). With regard to the secondary organic aerosol formation potential, aromatics were overwhelmingly dominant, accounting for approximately 87% of the total potential, with xylene and ethylbenzene in furniture manufacturing alone contributing 72.9%. The findings highlight the importance of prioritizing controls on highly reactive alkenes and aromatics. Fugitive emission management during storage, mixing, and curing stages should be enhanced and solvents should be substituted to effectively control VOC emissions in industrial parks.