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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

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Ageing, Sex Differences, and REDs Risk in Endurance Runners: An Integrated Cross-Sectional Study Protocol.

Ľudmila Oreská^1,2, Barbora Kundeková¹, Lukáš Varga³

¹Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates how endurance training impacts physiological aging and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) risk in runners. Findings reveal how training influences REDs susceptibility across different ages and sexes.

Keywords:

ageing endurance running master athletes relative energy deficiency sex differences

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Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Sports Science
Aging Research

Background:

Endurance performance is shaped by age and sex, with rising Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) prevalence in runners.
Limited data exist on long-term endurance training's effects on REDs risk, muscle characteristics, and physiological aging compared to inactive individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine how long-term endurance training affects REDs risk, skeletal muscle, and physiological aging across different sexes and age groups.
To compare endurance runners with inactive individuals regarding these factors.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study of 112 participants (sex, age 20-35 vs. 65-80, runners vs. inactive).
Assessed cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), body composition (DXA), musculoskeletal function, biochemical/hormonal markers, and REDs screening tools (LEAF-Q, LEAM-Q, IOC REDs CAT2).
Included dietary/training monitoring, blood sampling, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies.

Main Results:

The study will provide an integrated overview of physiological, nutritional, metabolic, and muscle-cell characteristics.
Data will be analyzed across sex-, age-, and training-specific subgroups.

Conclusions:

This protocol offers insight into how aging and sex influence endurance physiology and REDs susceptibility.
It will determine if long-term endurance training preserves functional capacity throughout life.
Findings will aid in evidence-based screening, prevention, and interventions for REDs in athletes.