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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Robotic Taj Mahal Hepatectomy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
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Primarily Gasless Robot-Assisted Cholecystectomy in Dogs: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study.

Francisco M Sánchez-Margallo1, Mauricio Veloso Brun2, Juan A Sánchez-Margallo3

  • 1Scientific Direction, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, 10171 Cáceres, Spain.

Veterinary Sciences
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This study shows that robot-assisted cholecystectomy without carbon dioxide (CO₂) pneumoperitoneum is technically feasible in dogs. This gasless approach may reduce physiological stress during gallbladder surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Surgery
  • Minimally Invasive Techniques
  • Robotic Surgery

Background:

  • Gallbladder disease is common in dogs, with cholecystectomy as a definitive treatment.
  • Minimally invasive surgery offers benefits but faces challenges like technical complexity and CO₂ pneumoperitoneum effects.
  • Current limitations hinder the widespread adoption of advanced surgical techniques in canine patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of a primarily gasless robot-assisted cholecystectomy using abdominal wall suspension in canine cadavers.
  • To assess the technical aspects and safety of this novel approach.
  • To establish a foundation for future in vivo studies.

Main Methods:

  • A gasless robot-assisted cholecystectomy was performed on five canine cadavers using abdominal wall suspension and the Versius™ robotic platform.
Keywords:
Primarily gasless laparoscopyVersius surgical systemcanine cadaver modelcholecystectomyminimally invasive surgeryrobot-assisted surgery

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  • A normobaric operative field was maintained, with CO₂ insufflation used only as a rescue maneuver.
  • Feasibility was assessed by operative time, visualization quality, and intraoperative events.

    • Main Results:

    • All procedures were successfully completed in the canine cadavers.
    • Three procedures were performed entirely without CO₂ insufflation.
    • Adequate or optimal visualization of the hepatocystic triangle was achieved in all cases, with no intraoperative injuries.
    • Two procedures required brief, low-pressure CO₂ insufflation as a rescue maneuver.

    Conclusions:

    • A primarily gasless robot-assisted cholecystectomy is technically feasible in a canine cadaveric model.
    • This approach shows promise for reducing physiological stress associated with traditional CO₂ pneumoperitoneum.
    • Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm safety and efficacy in live animals.