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FAT1 Is Differentially Expressed in Cancers Affecting the Serosal Cavities.

Ben Davidson^1,2, Arild Holth³

¹Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway, bend@medisin.uio.no.

Pathobiology : Journal of Immunopathology, Molecular and Cellular Biology

|March 27, 2026

Summary

FAT1 protein is frequently found in gastrointestinal, lung, and breast cancers but rarely in tubo-ovarian carcinoma effusions and mesothelioma. This expression pattern may aid cancer diagnostics.

Keywords:

Diagnosis Effusion FAT1 Immunohistochemistry

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Cancer Diagnostics
Protein Expression Analysis

Background:

FAT1 mutations are prevalent across various cancer types.
Understanding FAT1 protein expression is crucial for cancer diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the diagnostic utility of FAT1 protein expression in serosal cavity cancers.
To analyze FAT1 expression patterns in effusions and surgical specimens.

Main Methods:

Immunohistochemistry was used to assess FAT1 protein expression.
Analyzed 256 effusions from various cancer types, including tubo-ovarian, breast, mesothelioma, uterine, lung, and gastrointestinal carcinomas.
Compared effusion results with matched surgical specimens for breast and tubo-ovarian carcinomas.

Main Results:

FAT1 expression was highest in gastrointestinal (92%), lung (60%), and breast (55%) carcinomas.
Tubo-ovarian carcinoma effusions showed low FAT1 expression (5%), contrasting with surgical specimens (28%).
Mesotheliomas were uniformly negative for FAT1 expression (0%).

Conclusions:

FAT1 protein expression differs significantly across cancer types in serosal cavities.
FAT1 is a potential biomarker for distinguishing gastrointestinal, lung, and breast cancers from tubo-ovarian carcinomas and mesotheliomas.
Further research is needed to confirm the diagnostic value of FAT1 in clinical practice.