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Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
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Imaginary-Time Mpemba Effect in Quantum Many-Body Systems.

Wei-Xuan Chang1,2, Shuai Yin3,4, Shi-Xin Zhang1

  • 1Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and , Beijing 100190, China.

Physical Review Letters
|March 27, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered the imaginary-time Mpemba effect (ITME) in quantum systems, where hotter states relax faster than colder ones. This finding could accelerate quantum many-body simulations, especially those facing the sign problem.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Many-Body Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • The Mpemba effect, a counterintuitive phenomenon where hot systems freeze faster than cold ones, has intrigued scientists for decades.
  • Nonequilibrium quantum many-body systems exhibit diverse exotic behaviors.
  • Understanding relaxation dynamics is crucial for characterizing quantum systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Mpemba effect in the context of imaginary-time relaxation dynamics in quantum many-body systems.
  • To introduce and define the imaginary-time Mpemba effect (ITME).
  • To propose a mechanism and demonstrate the emergence of ITME in quantum models.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical proposal of a mechanism for ITME based on initial state's eigenbasis expansion.
  • Demonstration of ITME in representative quantum lattice models.
  • Sign-free quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations to confirm ITME in interacting quantum systems.

Main Results:

  • Unveiled a novel phenomenon: the imaginary-time Mpemba effect (ITME).
  • Established the existence of ITME across diverse interacting quantum systems using QMC.
  • Proposed and demonstrated a mechanism rooted in initial state's eigenbasis expansion.

Conclusions:

  • The ITME is a newly discovered phenomenon in quantum many-body systems.
  • The ITME offers a potential new method for accelerating quantum many-body simulations.
  • This discovery is particularly relevant for QMC methods struggling with the sign problem.