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Coherence-Induced Deep Thermalization Transition in Random Permutation Quantum Dynamics.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered a phase transition in quantum systems undergoing random permutation dynamics. This transition separates deep thermalization from a classical state, even though subsystem measurements always appear thermal.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Many-Body Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Quantum systems can exhibit thermalization, where they reach a state of maximum entropy.
  • Deep thermalization describes a more specific state where subsystem properties are Haar random.
  • Random permutation dynamics shuffle states without creating superpositions, offering a unique model for studying quantum evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a phase transition in the projected ensemble of quantum systems.
  • To investigate the conditions under which deep thermalization occurs and how it differs from standard thermalization.
  • To explore the role of coherence and measurement basis in driving this transition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the projected ensemble, which consists of postmeasurement wave functions of a local subsystem.
  • Studying systems undergoing random permutation dynamics.
  • Employing analytical arguments and numerical simulations across various microscopic models.

Main Results:

  • A phase transition was identified, separating a deep thermalization phase (maximally entropic projected ensemble) from a classical bit-string ensemble (minimally entropic).
  • This deep thermalization transition is undetectable via the subsystem's density matrix, which consistently shows infinite-temperature thermalization.
  • The transition is tunable by input state coherence and measurement basis, and is robust across different models.

Conclusions:

  • A novel form of ergodicity-breaking universality exists in quantum many-body dynamics.
  • This universality is characterized by a failure of deep thermalization, not a failure of standard thermalization.
  • The projected ensemble provides a sensitive probe for detecting subtle quantum phenomena invisible to subsystem density matrices.