Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Development of Immunocompetence

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

Smallpox

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

Genital Herpes

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Gestational Hypothyroidism and Pregnancy Outcomes Following Hemithyroidectomy: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026

Same author

Schizophrenia in Offspring of Holocaust Survivors: Intergenerational Effects of Preconception Parental Trauma Within the Jerusalem Perinatal Study.

The American journal of psychiatry·2026

Same author

Impact of Male Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination on HPV Infection and HPV-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Reviews in medical virology·2026

Same author

Unilateral and bilateral digital mirror visual feedback with different movement types modulate mu oscillations in individuals with stroke.

Digital health·2026

Same author

Treatment patterns and adherence to lipid-lowering therapy, LDL-C control, clinical outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization in treated patients with hypercholesterolemia at high cardiovascular risk in Israel: a retrospective database study.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026

Same author

Corrigendum to "A significant decrease in anogenital warts incidence following the implementation of a national human papillomavirus immunization program in Israel" [Vaccine 80 (2029) 128516].

Vaccine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 Ehmeth Enzyme

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 Ehmeth Enzyme

Published on: October 19, 2010

A significant decrease in anogenital warts incidence following the implementation of a national human papillomavirus

Ilona Shapiro¹, Bekana K Tadese², Moshe Hoshen¹

¹Maccabi Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Israel.

|March 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Anogenital warts (AGW) incidence significantly decreased in adolescents and young adults following Israel's human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program. However, increased AGW rates in unvaccinated adults highlight the need for broader vaccine access.

Keywords:

4vHPV 9vHPV Gender-neutral vaccination Genital warts HPV vaccine Immunization policy Population-based study Preventive vaccination Vaccine impact

More Related Videos

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

Published on: April 18, 2019

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants

Published on: May 23, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 Ehmeth Enzyme

In vitro tRNA Methylation Assay with the Entamoeba histolytica DNA and tRNA Methyltransferase Dnmt2 Ehmeth Enzyme

Published on: October 19, 2010

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method

Published on: April 18, 2019

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants

Published on: May 23, 2020

Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Vaccinology

Background:

Israel's National Immunization Program (NIP) for human papillomavirus (HPV) evolved from targeting adolescent girls to a gender-neutral program using 9-valent vaccines.
Both 4-valent and 9-valent HPV vaccines prevent HPV types 6 and 11, responsible for over 95% of anogenital warts (AGW).

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of Israel's HPV-NIP on the incidence of anogenital warts (AGW).

Main Methods:

A retrospective study analyzed de-identified data from Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS) from 2006 to 2022.
AGW incidence was stratified by sex, age group, and birth cohort, comparing pre-NIP, peri-GNV, and post-GNV periods using Poisson regression.
Chlamydia and gonorrhea rates served as negative controls to assess potential changes in sexual behavior.

Main Results:

AGW incidence declined significantly in vaccinated age groups for both females (up to 64%) and males (up to 60%).
A delayed decline was observed in older adolescent males, and AGW incidence increased in unvaccinated adult men (>21 years), mirroring increases in chlamydia and gonorrhea.
The increase in AGW incidence with age was less pronounced in vaccine-eligible cohorts compared to unvaccinated cohorts.

Conclusions:

Implementation of Israel's HPV-NIP led to a significant reduction in AGW incidence among adolescents and young adults.
The rise in AGW among NIP-ineligible adults underscores the importance of expanding vaccination access beyond the current adolescent NIP to achieve herd immunity and further reduce disease burden.