Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

42.0K
Overview
42.0K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

5.7K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
5.7K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

13.9K
13.9K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

65.4K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
65.4K
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

8.3K
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
8.3K
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

27.8K
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
27.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recent Advances in Searching for DNMT Inhibitors and Their Potential Application in Treating Human Diseases.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Design and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel GC373-like SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.

Current issues in molecular biology·2026
Same author

Coordination of Nucleoside Triphosphates in the Active Site of the Human TdT during Template-Independent DNA Synthesis.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia·2026
Same author

The Role of Active Site Hydrophobic Interactions in Facilitating Catalysis in Human Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Interplay Between DNA Polymerase, RNA Polymerase, and RNase H1 During Head-On Transcription-Replication Conflict.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Predictive Analysis and Validation of Critical Missense SNPs of the <i>ABH2</i> Gene Using Structural Bioinformatics.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
10:59

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

Published on: May 24, 2017

10.2K

R-loops processing by human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease APE1.

Anastasia A Gavrilova1, Anastasia M Yakovleva1, Elena S Mikushina1

  • 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.

Biochimie
|March 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) processes R-loops, which are DNA:RNA hybrids. APE1 shows RNase H and AP-endonuclease activity on R-loops, impacting genome stability and RNA metabolism.

Keywords:
AP-Endonuclease activityHuman apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 APE1Multifunctional enzymesR-loopsRNase H activity

More Related Videos

A Fluorescence-based Exonuclease Assay to Characterize DmWRNexo, Orthologue of Human Progeroid WRN Exonuclease, and Its Application to Other Nucleases
06:10

A Fluorescence-based Exonuclease Assay to Characterize DmWRNexo, Orthologue of Human Progeroid WRN Exonuclease, and Its Application to Other Nucleases

Published on: December 23, 2013

5.7K
Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
10:59

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

Published on: May 24, 2017

10.2K
A Fluorescence-based Exonuclease Assay to Characterize DmWRNexo, Orthologue of Human Progeroid WRN Exonuclease, and Its Application to Other Nucleases
06:10

A Fluorescence-based Exonuclease Assay to Characterize DmWRNexo, Orthologue of Human Progeroid WRN Exonuclease, and Its Application to Other Nucleases

Published on: December 23, 2013

5.7K
Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
09:16

Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro

Published on: May 3, 2014

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • R-loops are nucleic acid structures formed during transcription.
  • Unscheduled R-loop accumulation can cause genomic instability.
  • Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is primarily known for DNA repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro enzymatic processing of R-loops by APE1.
  • To explore APE1's RNase H and AP-endonuclease activities on R-loop structures.
  • To understand APE1's role in nucleic acid metabolism beyond DNA repair.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro enzymatic assays using R-loop substrates.
  • Analysis of APE1's RNase H activity on DNA:RNA hybrids of varying lengths.
  • Assessment of APE1's AP-endonuclease activity on abasic sites within R-loops.

Main Results:

  • APE1 exhibits RNase H activity on DNA:RNA hybrids in R-loops, decreasing with hybrid length >16 nucleotides.
  • APE1 cleaves abasic sites in both RNA and DNA strands of R-loops.
  • Processing of abasic sites in RNA is followed by exoribonuclease degradation; abasic sites in DNA inhibit RNase H activity.

Conclusions:

  • APE1 possesses versatile enzymatic activities (RNase H, AP-endonuclease, exoribonuclease) that process R-loops.
  • APE1's processing of R-loops contributes to nucleic acid metabolism and genome regulation.
  • This study expands the known biological significance of APE1 beyond its canonical DNA repair functions.