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Sport-Specific Muscle Architectural Adaptations and Jump Performance in Preadolescent Rhythmic Gymnasts.

Vasiliki Gaspari1, Gregory C Bogdanis1, Ioli Panidi1

  • 1School of Physical Education & Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rhythmic gymnasts show specific muscle adaptations, particularly in biceps femoris (BF) fascicle length and thickness, leading to better countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Body mass predicts maximal force, while muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) predicts power output in young athletes.

Keywords:
anatomical cross-sectional areacountermovement jumpfascicle lengthmuscle thicknessrhythmic gymnastics

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Muscle architecture influences athletic performance.
  • Understanding adaptations in young athletes is crucial for training.
  • Countermovement jump (CMJ) is a key indicator of lower-body power.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare muscle architecture and CMJ performance between rhythmic gymnasts and controls.
  • To identify predictors of force and power in young female athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrasonography assessed muscle architecture (fascicle length, thickness, CSA) in vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis/lateralis, and biceps femoris.
  • Force-time data measured CMJ performance (maximal force, RFD, jump height, peak power).
  • Eighty-nine 9-year-old girls (43 gymnasts, 46 controls) participated.

Main Results:

  • Gymnasts had greater biceps femoris fascicle length and thickness, and longer fascicle lengths across all measured muscles.
  • Gymnasts achieved higher CMJ height, scaled power, and rate of force development (RFD).
  • Controls exhibited greater maximal force (Fmax); body mass predicted Fmax in both groups.

Conclusions:

  • Rhythmic gymnasts exhibit muscle-specific adaptations favoring superior CMJ performance.
  • Body mass is a primary determinant of maximal force in developing athletes.
  • Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) is more closely associated with power output.