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Early Neonatal Hyperglycemia, Risk Factors, and Adverse Outcomes in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Propensity-Matched
Safaa M G A Alsayigh1, Nuha Nimeri1,2, Alaa Almashhadani1,3
1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
Summary
Neonatal hyperglycemia in extremely preterm infants is linked to increased respiratory issues and severe retinopathy of prematurity. This early metabolic complication serves as a significant risk marker in this vulnerable population.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Perinatal Medicine
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Neonatal hyperglycemia is a frequent complication in extremely preterm (EP) infants.
- Early risk factors and outcomes of neonatal hyperglycemia in EP infants require further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between neonatal hyperglycemia within the first postnatal week and significant neonatal morbidities in EP infants.
- To assess the early neurodevelopmental risk associated with neonatal hyperglycemia in EP infants.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study included EP infants born between 2018-2019.
- Neonatal hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose > 8.3 mmol/L.
- Propensity score matching was utilized to control for baseline differences.
Main Results:
- Over half (58.2%) of EP infants experienced neonatal hyperglycemia.
- Hyperglycemia correlated with increased ventilator-associated pneumonia, prolonged invasive ventilation, and higher rates of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
- A trend towards moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia was observed, with no significant difference in mortality.
Conclusions:
- Early neonatal hyperglycemia in EP infants is significantly associated with heightened respiratory morbidity and severe ROP.
- Neonatal hyperglycemia is a clinically relevant early risk marker in EP infants.
- Further prospective and interventional studies are warranted to explore these associations.
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