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Virtual Reality Versus Monitor-Based Distraction in Children with Mild Intellectual Disability: A Preliminary

Antonio Fallea1, Simone Treccarichi1, Simona L'Episcopo1

  • 1Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2026
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Summary

Virtual reality (VR) distraction significantly improved dental treatment success in children with mild intellectual disability (ID) compared to monitor-based cartoons. This technology offers a promising approach for managing dental anxiety in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Keywords:
corah dental anxiety scaledental treatment completionneurodevelopmental disordersvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Virtual Reality Applications

Background:

  • Dental anxiety is a major obstacle to oral care for children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs).
  • Sensory sensitivities and behavioral issues in NDDs complicate dental treatment.
  • Virtual reality (VR) shows potential as a tool to aid dental procedures in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of VR distraction in facilitating dental treatment completion.
  • To assess VR's impact on children with mild intellectual disability (ID) and moderate dental anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective comparative observational study involved 56 children (aged 11-15) with mild ID and moderate dental anxiety.
  • Participants were divided into two groups: VR distraction (Oculus Quest 3®) and monitor-based cartoon distraction.
  • Treatment success was defined as completing restorative dental procedures under local anesthesia within 50 minutes.

Main Results:

  • Treatment success was significantly higher in the VR group (78.6%) compared to the monitor group (46.4%) (p=0.026).
  • VR distraction increased the odds of successful treatment by over four times (OR 4.12).
  • A potential stronger effect was observed in females, though caution is advised due to sample size.

Conclusions:

  • VR-based distraction is a significantly effective method for improving dental treatment success in children with mild ID.
  • This approach can help overcome barriers to dental care for children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Further research is needed to establish protocols for VR in managing dental treatment for NDD patients.